Survival Analysis Overview

Survival data need to be analyzed with specialized methods for two reasons:

The survival times usually have specialized non-normal distributions, like the exponential, Weibull, and lognormal.

Survival functions are calculated using the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier method for one or more groups of either complete or right-censored data. Complete data have no censored values. Right-censoring is when you do not know the exact survival time, but you know that it is greater than the specified value. Right-censoring occurs when the study ends without all the units failing, or when a patient has to leave the study before it is finished. The censored observations cannot be ignored without biasing the analysis. The elements of a survival model are:

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A time indicating how long until the unit (or patient) either experienced the event or was censored. Time is the model response (Y).

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A censoring indicator that denotes whether an observation experienced the event or was censored. JMP uses the convention that the code for a censored unit is 1 and the code for a non-censored event is zero.

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Explanatory variables (if a regression model is used.)

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Interval censoring is when a data point is somewhere on an interval between two values. If interval censoring is needed, then two Y variables hold the lower and upper limits bounding the event time.

Common terms used for reliability and survival data include lifetime, life, survival, failure-time, time-to-event, and duration.

The Survival platform computes product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) survival estimates for one or more groups. It can be used as a complete analysis or is useful as an exploratory analysis to gain information for more complex model fitting. The Kaplan-Meier Survival platform does the following:

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Shows a plot of the estimated survival function for each group and, optionally, for the whole sample.