In the following, E is the residual cross product matrix. Diagonal elements of E are the residual sums of squares for each variable. In the discriminant analysis literature, this is often called W, where W stands for within.
Test statistics in the multivariate results tables are functions of the eigenvalues λ of 
. The following list describes the computation of each test statistic.
. The following list describes the computation of each test statistic.
Note: After specification of a response design, the initial E and H matrices are premultiplied by 
and postmultiplied by M.
and postmultiplied by M.
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, the maximum eigenvalue of 
.The whole model L is a column of zeros (for the intercept) concatenated with an identity matrix having the number of rows and columns equal to the number of parameters in the model. L matrices for effects are subsets of rows from the whole model L matrix.
Approximate F-Tests
To compute F-values and degrees of freedom, let p be the rank of 
. Let q be the rank of 
, where the L matrix identifies elements of 
associated with the effect being tested. Let v be the error degrees of freedom and s be the minimum of p and q. Also let 
and 
.
. Let q be the rank of , where the L matrix identifies elements of associated with the effect being tested. Let v be the error degrees of freedom and s be the minimum of p and q. Also let and .Approximate F-statistics, gives the computation of each approximate F from the corresponding test statistic.
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