Y, Covariates	Columns containing the continuous variables used to classify observations into categories.
X, Categories	A column containing the categories or groups into which observations are to be classified.
Weight	A column whose values assign a weight to each row for the analysis.
Freq	A column whose values assign a frequency to each row for the analysis. In general terms, the effect of a frequency column is to expand the data table, so that any row with integer frequency k is expanded to k rows. Row ordering is maintained. You can specify fractional frequencies.
Validation	A numeric column containing two or three distinct values: • If there are two values, the smaller value defines the training set and the larger value defines the validation set. • If there are three values, these values define the training, validation, and test sets in order of increasing size. • If there are more than three values, all but the smallest three are ignored. If you click the Validation button with no columns selected in the Select Columns list, you can add a validation column to your data table. For more information about the Make Validation Column utility, see Basic Analysis.
By	Performs a separate analysis for each level of the specified column.
Stepwise Variable Selection	Performs stepwise variable selection using covariance analysis and p-values. For details, see Stepwise Variable Selection. If you have specified a validation set, statistics that have been calculated for the validation set appear. Note: This option is not provided for the Wide Linear discriminant method.
Discriminant Method	Provides four methods for conducting discriminant analysis. See Discriminant Methods.
Shrink Covariances	Shrinks the off-diagonal entries of the pooled within-group covariance matrix and the within-group covariance matrices. See Shrink Covariances.
Uncentered Canonical	Suppresses centering of canonical scores for compatibility with older versions of JMP.
Use Pseudoinverses	Uses Moore-Penrose pseudoinverses in the analysis. The resulting scores involve all covariates. If left unchecked, the analysis drops covariates that are linear combinations of covariates that precede them in the list of Y, Covariates.

Regularized Discriminant Analysis 

Use Smaller Lambda	Use Larger Lambda	Use Smaller Gamma	Use Larger Gamma
Covariance matrices differ	Covariance matrices are identical	Variables are correlated	Variables are uncorrelated
Many rows	Few rows
Few variables	Many variables