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Publication date: 04/21/2023

Power for a Single Parameter

This section describes how power for the test of a single design parameter is computed. Use the following notation:

X

The model matrix. See “Statistical Details for Nominal Effects Coding” in Fitting Linear Models for information on the coding for nominal effects. Also, See Model Matrix.

Note: You can view the model matrix by running Fit Model. Then select Save Columns > Save Coding Table from the red triangle menu for the main report.

βι

The parameter corresponding to the term of interest.

Equation shown here

The least squares estimator of βi.

Equation shown here

The Anticipated Coefficient value. The difference you want to detect is Equation shown here.

The variance of Equation shown here is given by the ith diagonal entry of Equation shown here, where σ2 is the error variance. Denote the ith diagonal entry of Equation shown here by Equation shown here.

The error variance, σ2, is estimated by the MSE, and has n p 1 degrees of freedom, where n is the number of observations and p is the number of terms other than the intercept in the model. If n p 1 = 0, then JMP sets the degrees of freedom for the error to 1. This allows the power to be estimated for parameters in a saturated design.

The test of Equation shown here is given by:

Equation shown here

or equivalently by:

Equation shown here

Under the null hypothesis, the test statistic F0 has an F distribution on 1 and n p 1 degrees of freedom.

If the true value of Equation shown here is Equation shown here, then F0 has a noncentral F distribution with noncentrality parameter given by:

Equation shown here

To compute the power of the test, first solve for the α-level critical value Fc:

Equation shown here

Then calculate the power as follows:

Equation shown here

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