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JSL Syntax Reference > JSL Functions > Conditional and Logical Functions
Publication date: 11/10/2021

Conditional and Logical Functions

And(a, b)

a&b

Description

The logical And.

Returns

1 (true) if both a and b are true.

0 (false) if either a or b is false or if both a and b are false.

Missing if either a or b is a missing value or if both a and b are missing values.

Arguments

Two or more variables or expressions.

Notes

More than two arguments can be strung together. a&b returns 1 (true) only if all arguments evaluate to true.

AndMZ(a, b)

a:&b

Description

Returns the logical AND of all arguments. Missing values are treated as zeroes.

Returns

1 (true) if both a and b are true.

0 (false) if either a or b is false or if both a and b are false.

0 (false) if either a or b is a missing value or if both a and b are missing values.

Arguments

Two or more variables or expressions.

Notes

More than two arguments can be strung together. a:&b returns 1 (true) only if all arguments evaluate to true.

Break()

Description

Stops execution of a loop completely and continues to the statement following the loop.

Notes

Break() works with For and While loops and also with For Each Row.

See Also

Break in the Scripting Guide

Choose(expr, r1, r2, r3, ..., resultElse)

Description

Evaluates expr. If the value of expr is 1, r1 is returned; if 2, the value of r2 is returned, and so on. If no matches are found, the last argument (resultElse) is returned.

Returns

The value whose index in the list of arguments matches expr, or the value of the last argument.

Arguments

expr

An expression or a value.

r1, r2, r3, ...

An expression or a value.

resultElse

The argument that is returned when no matches are found.

See Also

Choose in the Scripting Guide

Continue()

Description

Ends the current iteration of a loop and begins the loop at the next iteration.

Notes

Continue() works with For and While loops, and also with For Each Row.

See Also

Continue in the Scripting Guide

Filter Each(names, container, locals, body)

Description

Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and returns a subset of the values in the container based on the evaluation of a Boolean expression at each iteration. The value, key, or element, as well as the index number, are all available at each iteration.

For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list.

For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices.

These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.

Returns

A subset from the original container. The return object has the same type as the original container.

Arguments

names

Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().

For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.

For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.

For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.

When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.

container

A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.

This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.

locals

A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.

body

Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. The result of the JSL expressions should be a Boolean value. If the result of the expression is true, the container value at the current iteration is included in the result; otherwise, the container value at the current iteration is not included in the result. You can use the Continue() function as an equivalent way to return false and skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue in the Scripting Guide.

Example

values = Filter Each( {x}, {10, 20, 30}, x > 15 );
Show( values );

values = {20, 30};

For(init, while, increment, body)

Description

Repeats the statement(s) in the body as long as the while condition is true. init and increment control iterations.

Returns

Null.

Arguments

init

Initialization of loop control counter.

while

Condition for loop to continue or end. As long as the conditional statement while is true, the loop is iterated one more time. As soon as while is false, the loop is exited.

increment

Increments (or decrements) the loop counter after while is evaluated every time the loop is executed.

body

Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one.

Example

mysum = 0; myprod = 1;
For( i = 1, i <= 10, i++, mysum += i; myprod *= i; );
Show( mysum, myprod );

mysum = 55;

myprod = 3628800;

See Also

For in the Scripting Guide

For Each(names, container, locals, body)

Description

Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and provides the value, key, or element at each iteration. The index number is also available at each iteration. For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list. For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices. These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.

Arguments

names

Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().

For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.

For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.

For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.

When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.

container

A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.

This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.

locals

A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.

body

Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. You can use the Continue() function to skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue in the Scripting Guide.

Example

For Each( {value, index}, {10, 20, 30}, Show( value, index ) );

value = 10;

index = 1;

value = 20;

index = 2;

value = 30;

index = 3;

For Each Row(<dt>, script)

Description

Repeats the script on each row of the data table.

Returns

Null.

Required Argument

script

Any valid JSL expressions.

Optional Argument

dt

Positional argument that is a reference to a data table. If this argument is not in the form of an assignment, then it is considered a data table expression.

Example

The following example creates data table references and then iterates over each row in Big Class.jmp. If the value of age in a row is greater than 15, the age is printed to the log.

dt = Open( "$SAMPLE_DATA/Big Class.jmp" );
For Each Row( dt, If( :age > 15, Show( :age ) ) );

See Also

If in the Scripting Guide

If(condition1, result1, <condition2, result2>, ..., <elseResult>)

Description

Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression associated with the first condition argument that evaluates to a nonzero result. The condition arguments are evaluated in order. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to zero, the optional elseResult is evaluated and the result is returned. If no elseResult is specified, and none of the conditions are true, a missing value is returned. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to missing, a missing value is returned.

See Also

If in the Scripting Guide

IfMax(expr1, result1, expr2, result2, ... <all missing results>)

Description

Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression (the second of each pair) associated with the maximum of the expressions. If more than one expression is the maximum, the first maximum is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is not specified, missing is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is specified, that final result is returned. The test expressions must evaluate to numeric values, but the result expressions can be anything.

Returns

The result expression associated with the maximum of the expressions

IfMin(expr1, result1, expr2, result2, ... <all missing results>)

Description

Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression (the second of each pair) associated with the minimum of the expressions. If more than one expression is the minimum, the first minimum is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is not specified, missing is returned. If all expressions are missing and a final result is specified, that final result is returned. The test expressions must evaluate to numeric values, but the result expressions can be anything.

Returns

The result expression associated with the minimum of the expressions

IfMZ(condition1, result1, <condition2, result2>, ..., <elseResult>)

Description

Evaluates the first of each pair of arguments and returns the evaluation of the result expression associated with the condition1 argument that evaluates to a nonzero result. The condition arguments are evaluated in order. If all of the condition arguments evaluate to zero or missing, the optional elseResult is evaluated and the result is returned. If no elseResult is specified, and none of the conditions are true, a missing value is returned.

Notes

The test arguments are evaluated in order until the first nonzero result. If all test results return zero or missing, the elseExpr argument is evaluated.

IfMZ() is equivalent to If() where missing values for evaluated condition arguments are treated as zero.

Interpolate(x|xmatrix|xlist, x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)

Interpolate(x|xmatrix|xlist, xmatrix, ymatrix)

Interpolate({x, y}, xvector, yvector, zmatrix)

Description

Performs linear interpolation for continuous data. There are many ways to specify the function.

In the simplest cases where the first argument is a single numeric value, the y value corresponding to a given x value between two sets of points or by matrices xmatrix and ymatrix. The x values, (x1, x2, ...) or xmatrix, must be in ascending order.

If the first argument is a matrix or list of numeric values, the resulting matrix or list is a set of interpolated values.

You can perform bilinear interpolation using the four-argument case. Here, the first argument is a list of two points, the second and third arguments are vectors that define the grid of x and y values, and the fourth argument is a matrix of data points. The function then finds the interpolated z value within the appropriate quadrant of the zmatrix.

Returns

The interpolated value or values. In the three-argument cases, the return object type matches the type of the first argument. In the four-argument case, the return object is a number.

See Also

Interpolate in the Scripting Guide

Is Associative Array(name)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is an associative array, or 0 otherwise.

Is Empty(global)

Is Empty(dt)

Is Empty(col)

Description

Returns 1 if the global variable, data table, or data column is undefined or holds the Empty() value, or 0 otherwise.

See Also

Specific Element Types in the Scripting Guide

Is Expr(x)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is an expression, or 0 otherwise.

Is List

See Is List(x).

Is Name(x)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a name, or 0 otherwise.

Is Namespace(namespace)

Description

Returns 1 if the namespace argument is a namespace; returns 0 otherwise.

Is Number(x)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a number or missing numeric value, or 0 otherwise.

Is Scriptable(x)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a scriptable object, or 0 otherwise.

See Also

Specific Element Types in the Scripting Guide

Is String(x)

Description

Returns 1 if the evaluated argument is a quoted string, or 0 otherwise.

Match(x, value1, result1, value2, result2, ..., resultElse)

Description

If a is equal to value1, then result1 is returned. If a is equal to value2, result2 is returned, and so on.

Notes

The Match() function explicitly checks to see if the compare expression x is missing and if the value of value1 is missing, then it returns the value of result1; otherwise it continues to compare the expression x to each valueN value in each valueN/resultN pair, ignoring any missing values. If the expression x is equal to any of the valueN value, then the corresponding resultN value is returned. If no matching valueN value is found, then the resultElse value is returned.

See Also

Match in the Scripting Guide

MatchMZ(x, value1, expr1, value2, expr2, ..., exprElse)

Description

Evaluates and returns the exprN argument that equals x or evaluates and returns the exprElse argument if no value equals x.

Notes

The MatchMZ() function works the same as the Match() function except that missing values are treated as 0.

Not(a)

!a

Description

The logical Not.

Returns

0 (false) if a>0.

1 (true) if a<=0.

Missing value if a is missing.

Argument

a

Any variable or number. The variable must have a numeric or matrix value.

Notes

Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.

Or(a, b)

a|b

Description

The logical Or.

Returns

1 (true) if either of or both a and b are true.

0 (false) otherwise.

Missing if either are missing.

Arguments

a, b

Any variable or number.

Notes

Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.

OrMZ(a, b)

a:|b

Description

Returns the logical OR of all arguments with missing values treated as zeroes: 1 if any arguments are nonzero and 0 otherwise.

Returns

1 (true) if either of or both a and b are true.

0 (false) otherwise.

Arguments

a, b

Any variable or number.

Notes

Mostly used for conditional statements and loop control.

Or() returns missing if any evaluated argument is missing. OrMZ() returns 0 if any evaluated argument is missing.

Return(<expr1>, <expr2>, ..., <exprN>)

Description

Returns an expression value from a user-defined function.

Example

This example returns the evaluation of both expressions in the Return() function as a list. The Return() function can have more than one argument. If only one is present, then the value of the expression is returned. If more than one is present, then the values of all the expressions is returned in a list.

f = Function( {a, b},
	Return( a - b, a + b )
);
{lo, hi} = f( 10, 1 );
Show( lo, hi );
Show( f( 7, 15 ) );

lo = 9;

hi = 11;

f(7, 15) = {-8, 22};

Notes

Return() not enclosed by a function, method, or recursive function call causes an error.

Step(x0, x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)

Step(x0, [x1, x2, ...], [y1, y2, ...])

Description

Returns the y argument corresponding to the largest x argument that is less than or equal to x0. The x points must be specified in ascending order.

See Also

Step in the Scripting Guide

Stop()

Description

Immediately stops a script that is running.

Transform Each(names, container, <Output(type)>, <locals>, body)

Description

Iterates over a container, which can be a list, an associative array, or a matrix, and updates each of the values in the container based on the evaluation of a JSL expression at each iteration. The value, key, or element, as well as the index number, are all available at each iteration. For associative array containers, the key and value can be accessed using a two-item list. For matrix containers, a linear index is provided by default, but a two-item list can be used to access the row and column indices. These symbols are provided within the body of the loop only. A list of local variables can also be provided. If local variables are defined, they are initialized after the first iteration symbols are set.

Returns

An updated version of the original container. The return object has the same type as the original container, unless the Output() keyword is used to designate a different type for the returned container.

Arguments

names

Specification of loop control variable names, specified as a list. The form of the list is determined by the type of container. All of the names are optional, so you need to specify them only if you need to refer to them in the locals or body arguments. If you do not specify any names, the first argument should be an empty list, which can be specified as {} or List().

For a list container, the names list contains a name for each value in the list and a name for the index of each value in the list.

For an associative array container, the names list contains a two-item list of names and a name for the index of each item in the associative array.

For a matrix container, the names list contains a name for each element in the matrix and a second argument for the index of each element in the matrix. The second argument can be specified as a single name or as a two-item list of names that represent symbols for the row and column indices.

When specifying multiple containers using the Across() keyword, the names list contains a list of names that refer to values in each container. The number of names in the first item in the names list must match the number of containers specified in the Across() keyword.

container

A list, associative array, or a matrix. The container can be defined in the argument or it can be a reference to a previously defined object.

This argument can also use the Across() keyword, which enables you to use the function across multiple containers. The multiple containers can be specified as separate arguments or as items in a list. The Across() keyword has an optional Count() argument that enables you to specify how containers of different sizes are handled. The available Count() options are: "Shortest", "Longest", "Enforce Equal", and N, where N is a number. If you specify a number, the function iterates through all containers exactly N times; note that the function loops back to the start of containers that have fewer than N items.

Output(type)

Specifies a type for the output. This can be "List", "Matrix", or "Associative Array". By default, the output type matches the type of the input container.

locals

A list of variables that are local to the function. This is equivalent to other Local variable initializations in JSL. The initialization of the local variables occurs after the first loop control variables have been set, but the local variables do not get initialized again after that.

body

Any number of valid JSL expressions, glued together if there are more than one. The result of the JSL expressions at each iteration is used in the output container. You can use the Continue() function to return no value for an iteration and skip to the next iteration. You can also use Break() function to stop iteration through the loop and proceed to the next expression that follows the loop. See Break and Continue in the Scripting Guide.

Example

values = Transform Each( {x}, {10, 20}, x + 10 );
Show( values );

values = {20, 30};

While(expr, body)

Description

Repeatedly tests the expr condition and executes the body until the expr condition is no longer true.

See Also

While in the Scripting Guide

Zero Or Missing(expr)

Description

Returns 1 if expr yields a missing value or zero, 0 otherwise.

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